WEBThe compiled coalball flora of 59 genera and 68 identified speciesis the largest known for a single mine in the Pennsylvanian. Quantitative analysis of coalswamp vegetation from peat profiles from two sites with 12 to l5 coalball zones, 526 coal balls, and 31,555 cm2 surface area of peels (biomass determinations) indie that the seam is ...
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WEBLarge areas of concentrated coal balls (permineralized peat) up to 4 m thick obstructed longwall mining in the Herrin Coal at the Old Ben No. 24 mine. The largest coal‐ball area mapped contained >1500 m3; several areas contained >400 m3 of coal balls. In‐mine mapping established that there were two types of roof (freshwater and marine), and that .
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WEBJan 1, 2000 · Large areas of concentrated coal balls (permineralized peat) up to 4 m thick obstructed longwall mining in the Herrin Coal at the Old Ben No. 24 mine. The largest coal‐ball area mapped contained >1500 m3; several areas contained >400 m3 of coal balls. In‐mine mapping established that there were two types of roof (freshwater and .
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WEBJan 1, 1997 · The coalballs formed in four stages in a marinecontinental transition environment, with Fe from terrestrial sources and S from marine phases, and its physical origin is basically consistent with that of some CarboniferousPermian coals in the Datong Coalfield. According to the formation sequence and geochemical characteristics, four .
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WEBThe coal ball flora was composed of four major plant groups comprising about 30 genera common in the Pennsylvania Euramerican coal swamps. The abundance of lycopods found in the coal balls is generally recognized as an indior of a wet environment or habitat. However, the low shoot/root ratio determined infers relatively dry conditions in the ...
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WEBPubliion Subtype. USGS Numbered Series. Title. Occurrence and significance of marine animal remains in American coal balls. Series title. Professional Paper. Series number. 354. Chapter.
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WEBThe Tommy L. Phillips coal ball collection at the University of Illinois contains a voluminous quantity of Carboniferous coal balls (permineralized peat) and coal ball peels from around the world, with the bulk hailing from the Illinois Basin. Contained in the collection are a variety of sample sets and maps, including 'vertical sections' where ...
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WEBThe preservation of cell contents, plant apices, gametophytes, etc., demonstrates the contemporaneous or early diagenetic formation of coal balls, which supported arguments for a marine source for the carbonate. Coal balls (exceptionally preserved calcareous permineralized peat), widely described from tropical Carboniferous Euramerian coal .
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WEBJan 1, 1996 · The coalball discovery helps fill a stratigraphic gap in coalball occurrences in the upper Carboniferous (Bolsovian) of Euramerica. The autochthonous and hypautochthonous coalballs have a similar mineralogical composition and are composed of siderite (81–), dolomiteankerite (0–19%), minor quartz and illite, and trace .
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WEBAug 23, 2023 · What is a coal ball? It's an archive of the past, a moment frozen in time. It's a perfectly preservedwindow into what plants used to be like 300 million year...
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WEBDec 1, 2020 · Coalball occurrence in the Donets Basin is similar: over an interval of about 4 (~315–311 Ma, latest Bashkirian to midMoscovian), 39% (11/28) of transgressiveregressive cycles have coal ...
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WEBPermineralized plant fossils (coal balls) of Bolsovian age (ex Westphalian C) were discovered in the Foord seam of the Stellarton Basin of Nova Scotia. The coalball plants were preserved in a siderite–dolomite matrix and formed in a nonmarine intermontane setting. The coalball flora is dominated by arborescent lycopods and contains a few .
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WEBJan 1, 1997 · As a result, the coalball floras of the Westphalian AB from Europe document a short span of time (less than 5 millions years). These floras correspond to the maximum domi nance of lycopod trees with up to 96% of peat biomass (Phillips and Peppers, 1984). An interes ting exception is the new assemblage described from Spain .
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WEBNov 29, 2023 · Coal balls, in which fossil plants are preserved in permineralized peat deposits, have widely been described from coal deposits representing the tropical forest of the Carboniferous. Coal ball preparation techniques have evolved over the past century, with the cellulose acetate peel method becoming the standard in the 1950s. ...
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WEBA coal ball is a type of concretion, varying in shape from an imperfect sphere to a flatlying, irregular slab. Coal balls were formed in Carboniferous Period swamps and mires, when peat was prevented from being turned into coal by the high amount of calcite surrounding the peat; the calcite caused it to be turned into stone instead. As such, despite not .
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WEBJan 1, 2000 · Large areas of concentrated coal balls (permineralized peat) up to 4 m thick obstructed longwall mining in the Herrin Coal at the Old Ben No. 24 mine.
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WEBFingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Reopening the Phillips Coal Ball Collection treasure trove; unparalleled records from tropical Pangea during the late Paleozoic ice age'.
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WEBNov 1, 2015 · Coal balls vary in size from single millimeterscale spherules to meterscale concretionary bodies, with shapes ranging from equidimensional spheres (balls) to lenticular, tabular and irregular masses (Fig. 1). Within coal seams, coalball occurrences range from stered concretions near the tops of seams to aggregate zones and sheets .
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WEBJan 1, 2002 · The coal balls were found near Harrisburg, Illinois, in coal no. 5, in the Alleghany group of the Upper Pennsylvanian. 2. The genera described are both vegetative and reproductive organs belonging ...
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WEBJan 5, 2023 · Coal balls may be concretionary as there name implies, but more commonly are irregular masses complexly interfingering with the surrounding coal. Coal balls may be inches to many feet in diameter and height, so will commonly look like a limestone bed in a narrow core. Coal balls tend to be brown in color and the coalball limestone includes ...
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WEBJun 1, 2023 · The concentrated coal‐ball areas were created by the triggered degassing of CO 2 from partially decomposed peat in the presence of ions from fresh waters; ¹³ C/ ¹² C ratios in these coal ...
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WEBAdolf Carl Noé (born Adolf Carl Noé von Archenegg; 28 October 1873 – 10 April 1939) was an Austrianborn is credited for identifying the first coal ball in the United States in 1922, which renewed interest in them. He also developed a method of peeling coal balls using nitrocellulose. Many of the paleobotanical materials owned by the .
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WEBJan 16, 2021 · Nature and occurrence of the coal balls. The faunal coal balls of GaruGensi area generally occur in the coal and carbonaceous shale of Bomte Member of Bichom Formation (Table 1).These concretions can be easily identified on surface by their subrounded to oval and occasional elliptical shape (Fig. 3a, b). The coal balls are very .
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WEBThe coalball discovery helps fill a stratigraphic gap in coalball occurrences in the upper Carboniferous (Bolsovian) of Euramerica. The autochthonous and hypautochthonous coalballs have a similar mineralogical composition and are composed of siderite (81–), dolomiteankerite (0–19%), minor quartz and illite, and trace amounts of ...
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WEBMay 1, 2012 · 1. Introduction. Over 100 years have passed since Stopes and Watson (1909) proposed a marine origin for coal balls, which are carbonate concretions that formed in peat and contain anatomically preserved plant material. Most coal balls occur in paleotropical coals of Pennsylvanian and early Permian age. Although calcium .
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WEBMar 1, 1988 · These concretionary bodies are described here as "coal balls" due to their close similarity with the true coal balls reported from European and American coals. Further, the presence of coal balls in this area also indies that the sediments of the Garu Formation were deposited in shallow marginal swamps subjected to marine incursions ...
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WEBDec 2, 2016 · In a food processor, add the oreos and process until they are completely broken down. Add the cream cheese and process until smooth. Scoop into a bowl and refrigerate for 20 minutes. Place parchment paper on a cookie sheet. Scoop rounded tablespoons of the dough into your hands, and roll gently into clumps.
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A material supplier from Belgium would like to produce limestone powder for his custome...
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