WEBAdvances in Clean Hydrocarbon Fuel Processing || Direct liquefaction (DCL) processes and technology for coal and biomass conversion. Elsevier, pages 105154, 2011 ... (DCL) processes and technology for coal and biomass conversion Author. Burgess Clifford, C. Publisher. Elsevier Edition/series info. pages 105154, 2011 Year. 2011 .
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WEBFeb 15, 2024 · In our previous study [14], [22], a staged conversion technology was proposed for the characteristics of lowrank coal. The asphaltene separated from the first stage reaction was hard to hydrocrack and need to be converted under strong alytic conditions, which was the key to improve the liquefaction efficiency of the whole process.
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WEBJan 15, 2023 · There are many liquefaction processes related to DCLS [26], [29], [31], [108], [109]. Several typical or highly referential liquefaction processes that have been reported are selected in this paper for introduction. As an illustration, a flow diagram of coal liquefaction process using syngas was proposed by Fu et al. [29], as shown in Fig. 14.
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WEBOct 1, 1996 · Introduction Waste materials are increasingly being studied as coliquefaction agents for the firststage conversion of coal to liquid fuels. In a conventional direct coal liquefaction (DCL) process, firststage conversion refers to the formation of relatively heavy products (in the asphaltene and preasphaltene range) from the coal.
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WEBDCL technology was invented by Friedrich Bergius in 1913. This technology directly produces liquid fuels from coal with the basic process that dissolves coal at high temperature and pressure and adds hydrogen to increase the hydrogen content [11]. DCL is the most efficient technology among the three current technologies.
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WEBMar 18, 2013 · The conversion of these DCL residues to lighter, highvalue products is an important step in helping to make this technology both commercially viable and environmentally acceptable. This paper provides an overview of the physicochemical characteristics and processing options available for coal liquefaction residues and .
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WEBFeb 1, 2000 · Maximum conversion (98%) and maximum oil + gas yield (70%) from this coal were obtained by impregnating AHM onto coal and carrying out liquefaction in H2/tetralin system at 450 °C for 30 min.
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WEBIndirect liquefaction processes require first gasifying the solid feedstocks into a syngas. Therefore, while direct coal liquefaction (DCL) takes coal directly into a liquid phase, indirect coal liquefaction (ICL) consists of two major steps: (a) gasifiion to produce a synthesis gas (syngas); and (b) conversion of the carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen .
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WEBAug 19, 2020 · The main objective of this paper is to carry out a techno‐economic evaluation for the direct coal liquefaction (DCL) process based on the two primary conversion options under consideration: (a) alytic coal liquefaction (CCL) – the use of non‐donor solvents with added hydrogen pressure and (b) thermal coal liquefaction .
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WEBJan 12, 1998 · A previous paper has shown that direct coal liquefaction in the absence of a alyst consists of two distinct stages which are readily ... A kinetic model for the liquefaction processes based on these observations is introduced. ... Direct liquefaction (DCL) processes and technology for coal and biomass conversion. 2011, 105154. .
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WEBDec 1, 2021 · Direct coal liquefaction (DCL) at mild conditions (about 693 K and less than 10 MPa) is an important and efficient way for the conversion of coal to high valueadded chemicals and fuel oil. In the process of DCL, the pre‑hydrogenation of a recycle solvent is an important step and the recycle solvent is always heated from low temperatures to .
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WEBFeb 15, 2024 · Based on the multistage liquefaction process, asphaltene was prepared from Hongliulin coal and deeply liquefied with NiCoMo, CoMo, and Fe2 O 3 alysts. The yields of each component were obtained. Ultimate analysis, FTIR and XPS was used to investigate the conversion of oxygenic structure. The results showed that the ability .
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WEBThis paper presents a brief state of the art review of direct coal liquefaction. The review includes important pilot scale processes available for the liquefaction an a brief description of the structure of coal and the chemistry, mechanism and available lumped kinetic models for the liquefaction process. It also includes some discussions on ...
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WEBFeb 5, 2014 · Abstract. The frontend design of a direct coal liquefaction process for the conversion of lignite into coal liquids by solvent extraction was investigated. The experimental work focused on ...
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WEBJan 12, 1998 · A previous paper has shown that direct coal liquefaction in the absence of a alyst consists of two distinct stages which are readily distinguishable with an appropriate short contact time liquefaction reactor and thermogravimetric analysis. The first stage, an extraction of liquefaction solventsoluble material in the coal, is very .
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WEBJul 18, 2017 · For the most highly developed processes, coal conversion can be as high as 90% on a mineral ash free basis, with a C 5+ distillate yield up to 75% and hydrogen consumption of 5–7%wt. When an external alyst is used, it is typically some combination of cobalt, nickel, and molybdenum on a solid acid support such as silicaalumina [].DCL .
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WEBDec 1, 2016 · Block flow diagrams (BFD) of direct CBTL plants are shown in Fig. 1, Fig. technology is the core technology for all different configurations. Coal and biomass with a low biomass/coal ratio (8/92 wt basis, base case) are mixed with the recycled oil in the slurry tank, and then pressurized and preheated before being fed to .
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WEBJan 1, 2018 · Biomass can be converted into several useful forms of energy using different processes. Fig. portrays a number of different biomass (to bioenergy) conversion pathways. Various factors affect the choice of conversion process; these can include: the type, quantity, and characteristics of biomass feedstock, the desired form of the energy .
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WEBOct 1, 2021 · The operating cost of the liquefaction process is reported to be similar to fast pyrolysis. However, it requires a higher capital investment due to the difference in biomass conversion and liquefaction pressures. Biomass liquefaction costs range between /gal based on the technology level (Brown, 2019).
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WEBHydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is a thermal depolymerization process used to convert wet biomass, and other macromolecules, into crudelike oil under moderate temperature and high pressure. The crudelike oil has high energy density with a lower heating value of MJ/kg and 520 wt% oxygen and renewable chemicals. The process has also .
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WEBDue to insecurity in the crude oil supply and global warming, various alternative technologies for fuel production are being investigated. In this project, indirect, direct, and hybrid liquefaction routes are investigated for production of transportation fuels from coal and biomass. Indirect coal liquefaction (ICL) and direct coal liquefaction (DCL) .
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WEBJul 1, 2006 · Direct coal liquefaction (DCL) converts solid coal (H/C ratio ≈ ) to liquid fuels (H/C ratio ≈ 2) by adding hydrogen at high temperature and pressures in the presence or absence of alyst.
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WEBJan 15, 2021 · Hydrothermal liquefaction is one of the most promising technologies to convert high moisture biomass into biofuels. However, understanding the liquefaction mechanism of different biomass fractions is still a challenge. The liquefaction of both lignin and cellulose is frequently studied, but the high diversity of biomass and processes .
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WEBNov 8, 2023 · Liquefaction is one of the several technologies available for biomass conversion, alongside processes like pyrolysis, gasifiion, and fermentation. The liquefaction process involves heating the biomass feedstock in the presence of a solvent or a alyst to break down the complex organic molecules into simpler, liquid .
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WEBNov 15, 2002 · Coal gasifiion is presented in terms of the chemistry of coal conversion and the product gas characteristics, the historical development of coal gasifiers, variations in the types and performance of coal gasifiers, the configuration of gasifiion systems, and the status and economics of coal gasifiion. In many ways, coal gasifiion .
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